When it comes to vision health, few conditions cause as much concern as macular degeneration. This condition is a leading cause of sight loss that silently progresses before symptoms appear.
If you have a family member with macular degeneration, you might be wondering about your own risk. Are your genes a factor? Can this condition be passed down through generations?
Keep reading to learn about the hereditary aspects of macular degeneration and what you should know about your genetic predisposition to this common eye condition.
What is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration is an eye condition that gradually damages the macula, found in the middle of the retina. The retina is the light-sensing tissue at the back of your eye that detects and converts incoming light into electrical signals.
These signals are sent to the brain, where they’re interpreted into images, allowing you to see clearly. The macula is responsible for your sharp, straight-ahead vision.
Macular degeneration only affects your central vision while your side or peripheral vision remains intact. Central vision is crucial for recognizing faces, driving, reading, playing sports, and performing up-close tasks.
Damage to the macula can lead to symptoms such as:
- Blurred vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy
- A blind spot or an empty or dark area in the center of vision
Is Macular Degeneration Hereditary?
Macular degeneration runs in families. While anyone can get it, you’re three to four times more likely to develop macular degeneration if you have a parent or sibling with it.
It’s also more prevalent in people of European and Asian descent. Experts have discovered more than 30 genes associated with the risk of getting macular degeneration.
Two genes, in particular, have been linked to a greater risk of macular generation. You’re more likely to get the condition if you have any of these variants:
The Complement Cascade
A group of genes known as the complement cascade are a crucial part of your immune system. They control proteins that protect you against pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
But sometimes, they may mistakenly attack healthy cells, such as the retina, and cause damage.
The ARMS2/HTRA1
The role of these genes in macular degeneration is yet to be fully understood, but they’re strongly connected to the condition.
How Can You Lower Your Risk for Macular Degeneration?
If you have a family history of macular degeneration, taking these proactive steps may reduce your chances of developing the disease:
Exercise Regularly
Working out frequently is good not only for your heart, waistline, and energy levels but also for your eyes. Moderate aerobic exercises like dancing, brisk walking, swimming, cycling, and hiking three hours a week can ensure you get a good workout and decrease your chances of getting macular degeneration.
Eat for Your Eyes
Eating the right foods is important, too. Omega-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E are essential nutrients that may prevent macular degeneration.
These can be found in the following foods:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Tuna, shrimp, shellfish, salmon, mackerel, and anchovies
Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Kale, spinach, collards, turnip greens, and pumpkins
Vitamin C: Tomatoes, bell peppers, strawberries, and citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and kiwi
Vitamin E: Avocados, sunflower seeds, peanuts, and almonds
Stop Smoking
If you smoke, quit. Smoking significantly increases your risk for macular degeneration.
You may ask your doctor to help you stop. They can create a plan to make it easier to quit.
Protect Your Central Vision from Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration usually has no early warning signs. In addition to these preventative measures, getting frequent eye exams at Simone Eye Center can help you stay ahead of the condition and save your sight.
Have you had your eye exams? If not, schedule your appointment at Simone Eye Center in Macomb Twp. or Warren, MI, today. The sooner macular degeneration is detected through regular eye exams and treated, the less damage it does.
